The production and use of ATP in living organisms

Adenosine Triphosphate, also known as ATP, is the molecule responsible for the energy that we, and all other organisms, need to survive. It is produced primarily in the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration by oxidative and substrate phosphorylation. 4 molecules of ATP are produced from 4 ADP and 4 inorganic phosphates in glycolysis in the cytoplasm of every cell, by the oxidation of a triose phosphate into two molecules of pyruvate.In anaerobic respiration these are the only 4 ATP molecules produced per molecule of glucose as there is no oxygen available for the link reaction or electron transport chain to occur in the cytoplasm, instead the pyruvate molecules are reduced into either lactate in muscles or ethanol and CO2 in yeast. However 2 ATP molecules are used in the phosphorylation of glucose at the start of glycolysis so the net product of anaerobic respiration is just 2 ATP. In aerobic respiration the pyruvate molecules move into the mitochondrial matrix where they un dergo the link reaction, releasing one CO2 molecule and one NADH each.This leaves two acetyl co-enzyme A molecules which enter the Krebs cycle to release another 2 CO2 molecules, 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH each. So far we have a net production of 4 ATP (subtracting the 2 used in glycolysis). The electron transport chain is where the majority of ATP is produced. 10 NADH and 2 FADH (produced from glycolysis, link reaction and the Krebs cycle) are oxidised to NAD and FAD, releasing 12 hydrogens. These hydrogens are split into protons and electrons.The electrons are passed from carrier to carrier in the bilayer of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial cristae, releasing energy at each one. This energy is used to pump the protons through the carriers into the intermembrane space, creating a gradient. Due to this gradient, the protons flow from the intermembrane space back into the matrix by ATP Synthase in the inner membrane. This movement of protons allows 28 ADP and 28 inorganic phosph ates to form 28 ATP molecules, while the protons and electrons are left to react with oxygen to form H2O.Overall, respiration produces 32 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, making it a very efficient source of energy. A small amount of ATP is also produced in photosynthesis, specifically in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis in the thylakoids of chloroplasts. Once photoexcitation has taken place, the two electrons released from a chlorophyll molecule move along the electron transport chain, losing energy at each carrier. This energy allows ADP and inorganic phosphate to form ATP in the same way as the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration.As you can see the production of ATP is not simple, but it is necessary due to its large number of uses in living organisms. I have already mentioned the use of ATP in glycolysis in the phosphorylation of glucose, but ATP is also required in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis in the stroma. RuBP is converted i nto 2 GP molecules by the fixing of CO2. These GP molecules are then reduced to two GALP by the oxidation of NADPH to NADP and the energy released by the breaking down of an ATP molecule into an ADP and an inorganic phosphate.Some of this GALP is used in the making of glucose, while most of it is recycled back into RuBP again by the energy released from the breaking of a single bond in an ATP molecule to produce ADP and inorganic phosphate, thus allowing the cycle to continue. An ATP molecule is able to provide energy due to the fact that breaking bonds releases energy. But for bonds to be made, energy is required. This is a key use of ATP in living organisms as it is essential that we can synthesise certain molecules in our bodies for growth, repair and energy stores.These synthetic reactions can also be called condensation reactions, in which two small molecules are bonded to form one larger molecule and water, for example amino acids to proteins, glycerol and fatty acids to lipid s, nucleic acids to DNA etc. Another more obvious use of ATP is in muscle contraction in animals to allow movement. The enzyme ATPase is released due to the calcium ions released in skeletal muscle tissues when an electrical impulse is received by the central nervous system.This breaks down ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing the energy required to pull the filaments of muscle tissues and therefore for the muscles to contract. ATP is also largely used in active transport of substances against a concentration gradient. ATP binds to a carrier protein bonded to a molecule or ion in low concentration on one side of a membrane, causing it to split into ADP and inorganic phosphate and causing the protein to change shape. This change in shape opens the protein to the other side of the membrane, releasing the molecule or ion into the higher concentration on the other side.The phosphate is released from the protein, allowing it to return to its original shape and for ATP to again form from ADP and phosphate. An example of this in plants would be the active transport of mineral ions into the xylem from the endodermal cells in roots, creating a lower water potential in the xylem so water can move from the endodermal cells into the xylem to the be used in cells for processes such as photosynthesis. An example of active transport in animals is the absorption of glucose in the small intestine.A sodium potassium pump requires ATP to pump sodium out of the epithelial cells of the intestine and into the blood stream, against a concentration gradient. This creates a concentration gradient of sodium from the ileum to the epithelial cells, causing sodium ions to move into the epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion by a sodium glucose co-transport protein, bringing with it any glucose molecules in the intestine. These are not the only examples of ways in which ATP is used but they are the most common and most important ones and highlight how hugely important ATP is for all living organisms.

Inclusive Education Essay

The management of inclusion is a source of enormous challenge to many schools across the globe. Developed countries in particular are faced with the mounting challenge of ensuring that every child is educated up to adequate standards (Ainscow 1995). Similarly, families that have children with special needs are seeking institutions that can provide their children with the standard level of education received by other children. Educational Institutions are also in a similar boat, continually faced with the mounting challenge of accepting and responding to the diversity that each child brings to the classroom. While many definitions of inclusion are pervasive, it remains widely accepted that the notion of inclusion involves welcoming and encouraging diversity amongst all learners. Inclusive education can be viewed from different perspectives. Different educational settings and social communities have differing perceptions of what it means. Most literature however start with the general notion that education is a basic human right that forms the foundation of every just and fair society. However, the basic elements of its meaning can be categorized into four. Ainscow (2005) suggests the first element involves seeing inclusion as a process – a continuous process that analyzes and recommends improved ways of responding to diversity by accepting and learning from peoples’ differences. Every one’s difference is seen as an asset which can be used to ensure learning takes place under varied and flexible circumstances. Ainscow (2005) also refers to the second element of inclusion as identifying and removing barriers. The teachers or managers of the inclusion process should be actively involved in collecting, analyzing and managing information from diverse sources which can be applied to policy refinements and modifications. The third element is centered on enforcing active participation and goal achievement for each student. The fourth element highlighted by Ainscow (2005) is the need for teachers or those in charge of learning to place an increased emphasis on those who are at greater risk of being marginalized or who are less able to benefit from the current modes and aspects of learning. In summary, Ainscow (2005) suggests that the practices that are pervasive in most organizations today is a reflection of present culture and norms. Learners may be impeded from learning optimally under certain conditions due to over learned behaviour imposed by social institutions and their thinking patterns. Consequently, Ainscow (1999) suggests that the development of inclusive practices should focus on reforming the way actors think in order to be able to realize the full potential of inclusive education and make its practice more reinforced in schools across the world. Armstrong (2003) describes inclusion as a set of principles, values and practices that are executed to initiate a revolution of education systems and communities.   It seeks to challenge thinking that is conditioned to assume that certain pupils need to be dealt with in a particular way (Armstrong 2003). According to (CSIE 2010) Inclusive education has a long history but centers on the need for equality and human rights. It is based on a moral perspective that values and respects every person while welcoming diversity. Schools are becoming more open to people of different abilities, backgrounds, ethnic and cultural histories. Consequently, there’s an extensive need for schools to fend for different learners. According to CSIE (2010), inclusion in education has a large number of connotations and the basic ones include:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The need for schools to value everyone including staff and students equally.  · The participation of all students in cultures and learning communities, while reducing barriers to their learning and the inclusion of students, even though categorized as having special educational needs  · Revamping school’s practices and policies so that they are responsive to the variety of students within the region  · Learning from attempts at inclusive education and implementing the changes more widely  · Acknowledging the basic right of every child to a fair education and recognizing that inclusion in education is paramount to inclusion in society.  · Emphasizing the role of schools in community development, sustaining relationships and adjusting the resources of the schools to support learning. According to CSIE (2010), the world is changing and stereotypical thinking needs to be nipped in the bud. Valuing some people over others is deemed unethical; people should not be prevented from participating in culture and curricula and neither should segregated schooling be used for children with special needs since it violates their right to education without any form of discrimination (Ainscow 1994). Academic achievements should not be the sole aim of schooling – there is also the moral and personal development that every child should have a right to. Also, isolating schools and communities from each other deprives students of rich and multifaceted experiences that can enhance their learning. The right to an inclusive education is in Article 24 (Education) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (2006). Even though the idea of inclusive education is generally accepted, some schools have reservations to it and claim that they do not have the resources to cater for all categories of children. It is unclear whether this problem is persistent due to funding, personal reservations or a lack of resources. In addition, inclusive education can be seen as an educational practice that emphasizes that students who can learn normally, without any learning inhibitions, spend time with those who have special educational needs which may be of any form. This type of inclusion emphasizes the child’s right to participate while schools are also inclined to accept the child as they would any other normal child. This principle rejects the use of special, isolated classrooms and learning environments for students with disabilities. The social, civil and participatory rights of students are emphasized and form the heart of any inclusive education strategy. It is a collective form of education in which all types of children can sit and learn together and it proposes the need to emphasize diverse learning approaches to handling children with varying educations and academic limits. With inclusive education, children who were previously excluded may now spend time with other children, which would not have been possible earlier. The use of segregated schooling is however still pervasive and one must bear in mind that Inclusive education does not apply only to disabled children but to everyone (CSIE 2010). The Benefits of Inclusive Education There are a number of ways to analyze the benefits of inclusive education. This section will start off by examining the benefits to disabled children. There are many aspects to inclusive education that can benefit disabled children as well as the normal children. Children with special needs would have the chance to learn in the same environment as normal children; they are thus subjected to the same learning environment and resources which will on the long run, ensure that they also have the opportunity to learn at the same pace as the normal children. Inclusive education may also nip in the bud, future psychological problems that a child may have when they eventually become aware that they have special needs. Inclusive education helps them to mix with other children thereby reducing possible issues of inferiority complex that may arise in the future. With inclusive education, schools can become flexible to adapting to the needs of the children, and not the other way round. The differences between the students can also serve as a means of achieving diversity and variety – the educational facilities and teachers would then have to develop unique responses to deal with each child (Ainscow 1999). In terms of society, the benefits are multi-fold. Inclusive education can help in forming stronger links between schools and communities. This on the long run will lead to stronger societies, partnering, consolidation and the forging of self respect for every individual in the society.   For developing countries, the benefits are extensive. Education is one of the hallmarks of any progressive society and as such should not be taken lightly. Inclusive education would give every child the right to fair education and a chance of a bright future. Inclusive education should be central to the educational polcies of any country claiming to be democratic. When countries embrace this ideal, it promotes a culture of fairness, comraderie and may nip societal ills such as racism and discrimination in the bud.

Organisational System Security Internet Security Issues Essay

Adware – Is a software which you get when you have downloaded a different program or software for free or at a reduced price. Its main purpose is to download adverts to your computer screen when you visit websites. Adware is seen by a developer as away to recover costs of making software. But to the general user adverts on there monitor are annoying because it puts them off of what there doing and they have to close every advert down manually. Blackhat – Is a name given to a hacker whose purpose is to access data with out permission and to damage it or change it. Blackhat hackers can do this for arrange of reasons to make profit or as a hobby. They may also send other users viruses, internet worms or spam them. This type of hacker is known as the bad guy in the computer world. Botnet – Is a software robot, when a spammer sends out viruses to general users a Bot is attached to it. Once the spammer has control of the infected computers then they will have to purchase a Botnet which then lets them operate the controlled computers, then the spammer will send out a message to the computers cause them to send spam to mail servers, resulting in users opening up there mail will have tons of junk. Denial of service – Is an attack which leaves users with out use of the services of a website which they would normally use. The DoS attack does not normally mean the controller of it has stolen information, but has cost the company which it has targeted money and time. This can cause users that use that company’s website to purchase what they want from another website meaning that company’s business rivals are making money from the DoS attack on them. Exploit – Is a software which contains commands that take advantage of a computer system with weak security, the purpose of an exploit is to give a user more privileges on a computer system allowing them to access more data which was previously restricted from them. A weakness in the exploit is that it stops running when a newer version of the software is installed. Keylogger – Is a device which you can get as software or hardware it is connected or installed inside your keyboard. Its function is to log in keystrokes. There are many different reasons why we may use this such as helping fix computer system errors or seeing how an employee users there keyboard to see if there good at there job. You can purchase Keylogger’s off the internet. Malware – Is a software, its task is to damage a computer system such as to give a computer system a virus. Malware gets its name from the beginning of the word malicious and the ending of the word software. Malware’s include arrange of harmful programs such as computer viruses, worms, Trojans, rootkits and sometimes adware. Packet sniffing – Is a software or hardware which is used to analyze traffic that is passing through over a network. The packet sniffer checks each packet then decodes them so that they can be analyzed, to check there content. The analyzing is useful for finding out network problems, monitor network usage from users and debug client and network protocols. This will help maintain a network. Phishing – Is a term given that is a breech of security by a hacker. Such as attempting to acquire sensitive information on other computer users like there usernames, passwords and credit card information. The hackers target popular websites such as eBay, MySpace and PayPal. They get hold of user’s personnel information by sending fake emails pretending to by your bank. Piggybacking – Is a computer word which refers to a user connecting there laptop or computer to another persons internet connection. Then using the internet without the permission of the owner of the internet connection. But if you own a cafà © and have a hotspot this is not considered piggybacking because you have given permission to people to use your hotspot to connect to the internet. Spyware – Is a computer software that is secretly installed on to your computer and can take control over something’s that you do on it. It can install software which you did not want on your computer also it can make you go on websites that you did not click to go on and it could led you to harmful viruses that could affect your computer. When turning off your computer spyware can even change your computer settings. Trojan – A Trojan is a computer virus that appears on your computer designed to cause your computer harm. It has been know to be similar to a worm. Some Trojans may not cause harm to your computer but the six main types of Trojans are ones that cause remote access, data destruction, download, get on to a server, anti – viruses software disabler and denial of service attack. Whitehat – Is the name given to a hacker, who’s purpose is to prevent a breech of security within a company or organization. They are normally employed by a company to protect against there counterparts blackhat hackers who want to hack and steal information and data that does not belong to them. In the computing world the Whitehat hacker is know as the good guy. Worm – Is a computer program which sends copies of its self to networks, designed to cause harm to the network that they have targeted. It likes to eat up the bandwidth used on the network. Worms can also cause serious harm and damage to a computer operating system by attacking the weak parts of the computer. Zero-day Attack – Is a threat to computers, by trying to take control of computer applications that are unknown or patchfree. The attacker that controls the zero-day attack normally sets it up on a public forum because of the number of users that it could affect. Zombie – Is a computer that has been attached to the internet by a computer hacker. The owners of zombie computers do not know that there computers have be compromised. They are normally used as part of a botnet, but while they have been put in zombie mode the hacker can use other user’s computers to send Trojans or other harmful viruses. Resources Adware http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware Blackhat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hat Botnet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botnet http://www.ibiblio.org/botnet/flora/indexstart.html Denial of service http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci213591,00.html Exploit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security) Keylogger http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke_logging http://www.actualspy.com/ Malware http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/alerts/info/malware.mspx Packet sniffing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_sniffer http://netsecurity.about.com/cs/hackertools/a/aa121403.htm Phishing http://www.antiphishing.org/ http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/p/phishing.html Piggybacking http://www.thefreedictionary.com/piggybacking Spyware http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyware Trojan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing) Whitehat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hat Worm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_worm#Protecting_against_dangerous_computer_worms Zero-day Attack http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-Day_Attack http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-zero-day-attack.htm Zombie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie_computer

Islamic finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Islamic finance - Essay Example In this regard, the Islamic financial system with the assistance of macroeconomic models is able to conduct their operations effective in the Islamic economy. Islamic financial system came into existence in the mid-1980s wherein this system was practiced mostly in the Muslim communities that eventually nurtured trade and commercial activities in numerous nations. Islamic merchants became the brokers of trade related activities in Spanish and Mediterranean regions, which helped in promoting Islamic finance amid European financiers and capitalists. In the modern day context, Islamic finance has made a huge impact in various parts of the world, as it has been promptly growing in the financial sector. Islamic finance is not just limited to Islamic nations, but it has spread to other nations wherein the Muslim community is quite large. It has been identified that there are over 100 financial institutions using Islamic finance and the system is presently practiced in more than 45 nations. Industries using Islamic finance have witnessed a growth rate of 15% in their annual turnover from the estimation of the last five years financial performance s. Accordingly, it has been witnessed that the market’s annual turnover has grown to about 70 billion USD as compared to 5 billion USD in the year 1985. It has been further estimated that markets, which use Islamic finance will witness a growth of 100 billion USD by next century. In reality, Islamic finance commenced successfully from the time when the Islamic nations obtained surplus profit in their oil exporting businesses. It will be worth mentioning that anatomic and macroeconomic reforms in the financial system, privatisation of industries, assimilation of the financial markets and liberalisation of capital have cemented the growth of the Islamic financial system (Iqbal, 1997). The paper is primarily intended to summarise the chapter ‘The Financial System and Monetary Policy in an Islamic

Sustainable development for Iraqi oil and gas in the light of Dissertation

Sustainable development for Iraqi oil and gas in the light of international law with particular reference to Kurdistan region - Dissertation Example Chapter two describes the process of the evolution of the concept of sustainable development from the 1972 Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, where the first United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) has been created, to the today’s more comprehensive and profound understanding of sustainable development as a â€Å"specific call to prioritize improvements in the well-being of the very worst-off now and in the future† (Paul 2008: p.579). Nowadays strong sustainability development of non-renewable resources, which oil and gas resources are relating to, implies that such resources should be recognised as a specific form of natural capital, and should not be exhausted for short-term benefits only (Ayres et al. 1998: p.4). In addition, chapter two gives an overview of the philosophical and theoretical dimensions of the sustainable development. This overview, made on the basis of the existing academic and professional literature, provides useful information r egarding the research in hand and helps to define the ways and concepts of reaching sustainable development in the oil and gas industry through different perspectives. ... l extent, they help to realise a process of shift from a policy of the development of environment without regard to possible negative consequences, to a political culture, which takes into consideration all current and future needs and interests of governments, communities and individuals. Chapter three views these principles in relation to the sustainable development of petroleum resources, in particular. It is emphasised that sustainable use of petroleum resources requires taking into account the criticality of these resources, the availability of technologies that intend to minimise depletion and the likelihood of other resources or technologies that can substitute for petroleum resources (WCED 1987: The Concept of Sustainable Development, Para.12). In other words, the principles of sustainable development are considered in this chapter so that they should be used to prevent â€Å"resource-use activities and projects by actors from within and outside the State† (Bottriell & French 2005: p.5). Chapter four â€Å"Strategic issues of the sustainable development of Iraqi oil and gas† explores the constitutional and legal strategies for the sustainable development of Iraqi oil and gas industry. The general assumption underlying the investigation within this chapter is that the national strategies should address the concept of sustainable development, complying with the international environmental law, on the one hand, and dealing with specific issues related to national and regional environmental legislations, on the other hand (Boer et al. 1998: p.1-3; Bosselmann 2008: p.145-148). Besides, at the national level, it is considered that the concept of sustainable development should be addressed both from the perspective of regulations related to particular environmental

Corking of life Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corking of life - Term Paper Example It is what makes a person unique and governs how a person grew in the womb and how they appear in old age. Until then, a few people had the chance to see their genome and understand it. The movie proceeds to analyze how the genome sequence can be extracted cheaply and affordable to anyone. A number of persons with genetic disorders like Alexis who fell down most of the time got assisted with whole genome sequencing. There exists the possibility of integrating a person’s genetic sequence into Smartphone or tablet. The tablet gives a report when booted of a person’s genetic code on thousands of genes that spell out a person’s body instructions (Cracking the Code of Life 00: 47). The genes, when deciphered, reveal a persons risk for one disease after another, the ones a person can get and the inheritable ones. Getting the knowledge of person’s genome characteristics helps them understand the living processes, intervene, and take control of their life’s unprecedented events. In future, the video reveals a new kind of personalized medicine based on their genetic code, one that predicts risks of diseases, and enable prevention of these diseases with the information before they appear. The movie reveals a story of Andrew, a stroke patient. Andrew is a five-year-old child who has no idea of his condition. The condition started with high fevers and joint pains. A stroke then followed in July, which was his first. He had another two instances of suffering a stroke in October and another in November. The November stroke required a brain surgery. After the surgery, Andrew still got a fifth stroke. Andrews’s parents have contacted a number of health specialists, but none of them has been able to diagnose Andrews’s condition based on the symptoms. The health specialists prescribed Andrew with immune-suppressing steroids and chemotherapy, which he visits irregularly, but none seems to work out. Andrews’s pediatrician, Dr. Vora Sheetal, at the

Module review 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module review 1 - Essay Example In the event, that the products are perishable, the uncertainties may result in losses caused by product damage. Notably, possibilities create complexities in operating commodity recovery networks especially in reverse flow. For example, an untimely breakdown or an inaccurate customer forecast can cause a shortage in product availability and the meeting of customer demands. Essential elements of supply chain management comprise of communication, advantage, efficiency, innovation, collaboration, and risk management. All the components to promote sustainability of the process (Altekar 2005). The following explains functions of each component. Communication helps in passing of information across departmental stores, suppliers, sellers, and manufacturers. A comprehensive communication channel enables awareness of potentials and uncertainties thus improving supply. Manufacturing and geographic postponement refer to business strategies that help firms maximize benefits while minimizing possibilities of losses. In this context, a company delay investment until the final phase the opportunity appears viable. Hence, the manufacturing and postponement refer to the measured actions by a firm to adjourn production or distribution of a commodity to the market until they receive an order from the potential customer. Geographic postponement helps in minimizing incidences of wrong production (Altekar 2005). In addition, the delays help reduce cases of deploying incorrect inventories by a corporation. In common, the business and logistics frameworks help in the reduction of anticipated risks in the product supply chain. The most notable example of the strategy includes Dell corporations build to order business online market approach. The company assembles or manufactures electronics based on the quantity of products ordered by the customers. Therefore, De ll Company reduces the risk voluminous production and supply

Personal Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Ethics - Research Paper Example Acculturation forms a key component when studying the ethical aspects of a certain group of people such as the Hispanics. It is described as cultural modification usually among individuals, group of people in terms of borrowing, adaption and the merging of different cultures resulting from prolonged contacts (Noble, 1991). The underlying precept of ethical competence entails valuing and respecting the various differences in practice among cultural consumers. Originating from several groups, the Hispanics have differing, economical, physical and social attributes that are likely to make them posses varying ethics. They share values that are Hispanic in nature integrated with indigenous cultures and languages. In the United States, some groups have clung to their traditional rituals and language. Under Hispanic ethics, the mother is responsible for family and home while the man is regarded as family head. Within a family and to the community, the children have moral responsibility that entails good manners, respect for the elderly and authority. It should be noted that the Hispanics take great value in preserving their traditional language through education. Formal tendency is a common practice among the Hispanics. They highly regard firm handshake as an expression of greetings. This is also applicable when leave taking. The Hispanics men and women always give a light peck on the cheek or a hug as a way of greeting to their friends and loved ones. The traditional language expresses both non-formal and formal ways of addressing people. This includes the use of titles to show respect or use of some pronouns to issue polite commands. Gestures and body language are important conversation gestures as they enable one to better convey his points. Emphasis is given on appearance and looks as a connotation of dignity, honor and pride. Hispanics wear special attires when attending parties, church, work and other social gatherings. It has been documented that they are flexi ble and relaxed when it comes to punctuality and keeping of time than other groups in the United States. They have a tendency to avoid public speaking which has been attributed to their foreign accent. Every individual operates within a given confinement of ethical system. From my background, ethics are derived from diverse cultural practices within the community. Culture to do with family values, work rules and finding solutions for disputes form the underlying ethical systems we subscribe to. The primary principles of these ethics are to foster cordial relationships when interacting with other individuals or group of people. The school, family and the religious institution I attended shaped my ethics especially the mode of dressing.However, this changed with time after being able to go through school into the corporate world. The numerous evening’s parties made me change my dressing styles to more short dresses which showed most parts of the body. Personal ethics play a sig nificant role especially at the work place. As a customer relations manager, the choice of dress communicates a lot about my personality. Too long dresses or too short dresses may not reflect well with the diverse groups of the clients who are of different age groups. Greetings play a critical role with clients since its one of the best ways to begin negotiation which then translates to a business deal sealed. Ethics are vital in every organization. It enables acceptable relationships and

Rules of Evidence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rules of Evidence - Assignment Example ‘if it is offered to prove a fact that is at issue in the case.’(DiCarlo 2008) For evidence to be considered admissible it has ‘to show motive, plan, intent, or lack of mistake or, in federal court, to impeach a witnesss credibility (DiCarlo 2008). In the recent case against a man named Duena who is currently facing the death sentence after denied appeals he had been charged with killing police officer 1n 1997 .The evidence presented can be said to be both circumstantial and direct. Circumstantial evidence needs to be further interfered with so as to connect it to the actual crime. Some of the circumstantial evidence presented in this case is the murder weapon with Duena’s finger prints on it, another circumstantial piece of evidence in this case is the use of computer animation to illustrate that this crime was actually predetermined. It has also been determined that he was at the scene of the crime when the police officer was shot dead (Ansari 2012) According to Californian law substitutions of evidence are the alternatives to normal contemporary evidence provided in court to show prove that a crime was committed. These are useful to the court when circumstantial and direct evidence are both unavailable. The prosecution or defence is allowed to use substitutions of evidence when presenting factual information that is well known by the general public and can prove their arguments. Another substitute to evidence is when alluding to the testimony of an expected witness. Jury selection is the method of choosing individuals who will serve in a judicial trial. This procedure involves the participation of both the prosecution and the defence and the whole process is overseen by the judge on the particular case. Suitable group of jury members are presented before the prosecution and the defence in the presence of a judge, these potential jurors are each asked questions related to the case .This ensures there is no bias or personal affiliation with the case

In Libya human rights are severely violated by Moammar Gaddafi Essay

In Libya human rights are severely violated by Moammar Gaddafi - Essay Example Libya as an independent state emerged on 24th Dec 1951 through negotiation in United Nations by King Idris. Libya was proclaimed a constitutional and a hereditary monarchy under King Idris. Libya was firstly a poor state with a weak economy, but the condition immensely changed when a discovery of significant oil reserves was made in 1959.Economy boosted from a subsequent income of petroleum sales to many countries in need of oil to progress and within a span of time, Libya got recognized as one of the wealthiest country as measured by per capita GDP. King Idris ruled Libya for about 11 years after independence when he was thrown by a military coup named Col. Moammar Gaddafi in 1969 in the name of Revolutionary Command Council, who legally owned no position but ruled the state for about 42 years. Gaddafi’s regime was proceeding with a motto of unity, freedom, socialism and was taking an active part in Palestanian Arab cause, unity between Arab states and encourages domestic pol icies according to social justice. Gaddafi’s new government worked on non exploitation and on an equal distribution of wealth. In his early years Gaddafi claimed the withdrawal of all foreign military officials, along with the closure of Air base for U.S and British Military in 1970s. Afterwards, he also ordered for the expulsion of thousands of Italian residents and the closure of libraries, community centers and cultural councils operated by foreign governments. Later in late 70s his political, religious and cultural ideology which was known as Revolutionary Views were being transferred through peoples bureau and institutions operated overseas. Gaddafi ruled Libya for about 41 years in the name of democracy and equality. His son carrying the same theory said: â€Å"My father has been promoting the idea of direct democracy in Libya for almost 26 years now,† he said to New York Times reporter Craig S. Smith in December, 2004. â€Å"It’s quite rational and logic al that we have to continue in that direction.† Here one can decide the level of democracy governed by a Colonel and not letting fresh mind and blood to come with better ideas to rule the country. Gaddafi stuck to his position until the outer forces forced him to leave his governance. Gaddafi’s false democracy was a disguise of dictatorial views which he kept on imposing on civilians in the name of democratic elections. But there must be a lot good that he has done with his people for which the public was quiet and happy for about 41 years. It is undeniable that Gaddafi provided his people the best sources of income and highest per-capita income in Africa.Fight in Libya is now no more a civil war but expanded until NATO forces interfered and branched out the issue into different aspects: United States and E.U was concerned for Libya’s interest in long range ballistic missiles and other development of missiles, and both conventional weapons and weapons of mass des truction. Sanctions were also passed through International Governmental Organization to Russia to stop arms export to Libya. Human Rights were violated in Libya by Gaddafi’s regime. Peacemaking in Libya cannot be achieved until there is a close civil-military co-operation. All these issues will be analyzed and discussed further

Analysis of Dance Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Dance Essay The type of dance I attended was a mix of ballet and modern. This involved group performances as well as individual performances. For the purpose of this paper I will narrow my observations to an individual performance of both ballet and modern and a group performance of both. Dance has the ability to draw it’s viewer in, by captivating the audience with the amount of grace, coordination and talent it’s dancers display. The lines a dancer created with their body is nothing short of amazing. Almost every type of person could appreciate something about dance. One of the first dances of the night was a ballet done, by a 9 year old girl. As she entered the dance area, it became very silent in the auditorium. You could almost hear a needle drop. Her costume was simple, dark in color, not shinny, as if not to distract the audience from her performance. Her white tights provided a focal point drawing the audience to watching the delicate moves she was executing with her legs. She started in first position quickly transitioning to 3rd and before you knew it she was spinning around on only one foot, pointing her toe towards the audience. She had a brief moment where it appeared that she fell out of pose, but immediately pulled herself back together, executing the next pose with perfection. Her face remained unchanged throughout the entire performance. She demonstrated perfect C shaped arms as she held them in the air bringing all her weight from her heels to the tips of her toes. This performance was very impressive for such a young girl. What I sometimes miss it facial expressions, but I suppose by the absence of expression the girl is allowing your mind to go wherever the music takes you. The next performance came from a 15 year old girl and best fit the description of modern dance. Her costume was bright, shinny, and created the illusion of movement. Many of the movements executed by this performer involved being on the floor, or bending over. Her arm movements were not as precise. It was as if a choreographer told her she could place her arms however she wished, in stark contrast to the ballet dance that required very precise movements. This dance appeared much slower. I did not enjoy this dance as much as I felt the bold costume and music distracted the viewers from the talent behind the dancer. She too was expressionless when she danced. The way the stage lights reflected off her costume created a glowing effect on the dancer. The group ballet was absolutely beautiful. Some of the dancers started as if they were asleep or dead, all bent over, while other dancers began in the upright position. As the dancers began to move across the stage, the dancers in the downward position began to arise. It created the illusion that the dancers were giving life to an otherwise lifeless creature. They all began dancing in unison across the stage, with pose and grace, up on their toes. They were always careful to have the correct position with their arms and legs, and toes pointed. They made this type of dancing look effortless, while executing it with such precision. No one fell out of pose during this dance, everyone knew their place and performed with great precision. As the dance ended they all went into a downward pose, creating the illusion that they were all lifeless again. What a brilliant analogy, this dance presented. Many things around us are lifeless, dull and boring, it is the people who occupy the space that gives it life and meaning. Just like dance gives life and many to those who watch it or perform it. The last dance was the group modern dance. This was my least favorite. I would almost say that it appeared sloppy and ill choreographed. At times I wondered if the girls were supposed to be doing the same movements and some were behind or if it was meant to look like a ripple effect. It did not look like either to me. Through watching these dances it became very obvious to me that I prefer ballet to modern dance. I was uncertain of the reason until the lady seated behind me said,† I loved their modern group dance†. I thought I miss heard her, but yes that was what she said. She even went on to say that they had won a competition doing that very dance. It was at that point I realized dance is for everyone. While I prefer the more precise movements, other people can enjoy the chaos of modern dance. I tend to be a perfectionist and I had nothing to gage the movements of the modern dance on. But I loved the ballet where you could tell when perfect pose was achieved. So I do believe a dance recital like this should appeal to all types of people, offering a great variety.

Personal Statement for college admission Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement for college admission Essay Every man has the capacity to make a difference in this world. The way to do it is by believing that all dreams can turn into reality. It also comes along with the choices that we make and the determination to work out in reaching the top. My name is (insert your name here) and I wish to continue my education in the field of Nursing at the Queens University. I have been interested in this field and I believe that by acquiring such degree, I can be of great service to people in the society. Being admitted in this university will make my dreams more attainable. I will be studying in a credible institution that recruits only the best and finest student. Moreover, this university is composed of wide array of educational resources and armed with excellent professors that will hone my expertise as a promising professional. After the said program I can go on and continue my life with full confidence because I have the necessary knowledge that can benefit other people. I will render the best service that I can so that whenever I will get recognize; it will also pay tribute to my Alma Matter. My experiences and academic standings have surpassed those of others. Looking back, I am a Technical Sgt in the USAF Delaware Air National Guard. My 8 years of service there granted me the award of being the Airman of the Quarter in 2005. The said award is for my outstanding performance as a Medical Material Specialist and at the same time doing volunteer works in Operation Enduring Freedom deployment. Aside from the aforementioned recognition I am also proud to say that I made it to dean’s list every semester because of my exemplary performance and dedication on my attendance at Delaware State University. I am a hardworking person especially when it comes to my personal and academic life. All of my achievements made me decide to attend medical school for two straight years. While I am studying as a medical student, I came to realize that my true calling is in the field of nursing. I believe that choosing to study at Queens University is one great choice because I can continue and pursue my career goals with an institution that produces nursing experts and professionals. The field of Nursing is the field that I can say as my cup of tea. I am willing to take all the risk because I am confident that I can succeed in reaching my dreams. I have the right mindset and I am determined to surpass every training and lectures that professors at Queen University will give me. I am an optimistic person who treats challenges as opportunities for me to grow. The rigorous training that I will go through will aloe me to learn more about myself, the nursing profession and how to be more disciplined in the field that I have divulged in. Life is really precious and we have to live on purpose. I realized that everyday spent is important may it be personally or academically. I should learn to give ways to others and render the best nursing service right after graduation. My quest for education will not stop after I graduated, I will find ways of sharing what I have learned to others and contribute for the benefit of healthcare in the society. By doing so, I would be able to show the world that nothing is impossible when a person puts dedication, heart and soul in everything we do. Pursuing a Nursing degree will help me build up an in-depth knowledge in most areas of medical healthcare and gain broader perspectives. I am confident that my academic journey at Queens University will prepare me for my future profession. I will learn fundamentals of nursing and more complicated subjects about it. I will also learn how to work more efficiently, overcome struggles and bring the best service to my patients. I believe that I can do everything as long as the determination is here in my heart. I am persistent enough that through my chosen field and academe, I can succeed and contribute in making this world a better place to live in.

Buganda Agreement: Affecting Life Of Ugandans

Buganda Agreement: Affecting Life Of Ugandans The aim of this study is to evaluate the political and social impact of the 1900 Buganda Agreement on the people of Uganda. This investigation will look at how the signing of the agreement affected the people of Uganda in the political and social aspects between 1900- 1960. In this investigation, I will also look at the delight that Ugandans enjoyed after the agreement was signed as well as the distress that accompanied the agreement. I intend to carry out my investigation by visiting libraries and reading the available literature about Buganda and the Buganda agreement. For my investigation, I will use textbooks such as A Political History of Uganda, Roots of Instability in Uganda, both books written by S. R. Karugire and The Story of The Uganda Agreement by J. V. Wild. I will also go ahead and carry out interviews with highly distinguished Buganda, Bunyoro, as well as Ankole officials who have satisfactory knowledge on matters surrounding the Buganda agreement Summary of evidence The Buganda agreement was a bilateral accord signed by Sir Harry Johnston for the British government and three Buganda regents namely: Apollo Kaggwa, Stansilus Mugwanyi and Zakariya kisingiri on behalf of the Buganda king: Kabaka Daudi Chwa who was by then four years old and could not logically reason the terms of the agreement .The agreement was apolitical rather than a legal agreement which tried at one and at the same time to reconcile all imperial and local interests to the extents that these interests were identifiable and could be reconciled. The agreement can be summarized into four main sections. The clauses 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 14 were administrative rations that were aimed at defining Bugandas boundaries. Clauses 4, 7, 12, 15, 16 and 17 were aimed at the imposition of the infamous gun and hut tax while clauses 15, 18, 19, 21, and 22 were general clauses. The last group of clauses: 5, 6, 8, 13and 20 tackled the issue of recognition of the Kabaka and his government which was dependent on their trustworthiness towards the British administration. There are numerous effects that came about as a result of the signing of the agreement. One of the effects of the Buganda agreement was the taking away of the ultimate functions of the Kabakaship which was the Kabakas power to make all laws for all Baganda thus making the Buganda kingdom independent from the Kabaka. Instead, the Kabaka and the Buganda kingdom were made subject to the colonial government. The act of doing away with the kabakaship also meant that the Kabaka would not appoint a chief unless he had received approval from Her Majestys representative in Uganda. A new system of land ownership was introduced through the creation of an independent class of land owners whose rights over land were not subject to the Kabaka. Along with the new system of land ownership came the division of land between the colonial government and the Buganda government into two distinct parts namely: Mailo land (for the Buganda government) and Crown land (for the protectorate government). (348 words) EVALUATION OF SOURCES A Political History of Uganda This is a didactic textbook that contains a very descriptive step by step history of Ugandas political arena from 1500-1971.The authors biography at the beginning of the textbook shows that he is a learned man with a first class historical background and therefore the book is a very reliable source of information. By setting a time limit for each chapter, the author made accessing topics easier. Through Karugires prefatory proclamation, he openly states that his work has his own ideas and personalities and therefore it is not universally applicable. The textbook has a wide bibliography where its sources are stared. This textbook also provides unbiased views which are based on relevant research material and has a very detailed history of Uganda, Buganda and the Buganda agreement. There is primary evidence in the form of quotes of the people who were directly involved in the Buganda Agreement. The story of the Uganda agreement J. V. Wilds story about the Buganda Agreement is the most eloquent source of information I have used. J. V. Wild gives a step by step narration about the history of Buganda before as well as after the signing of the Buganda agreement, events that led to its signing and the impact it had on its signatories. However, the writer from my point of view is Eurocentric and some of his views clash with Karugires. Unlike Karugire who says that the agreement was dictated and unfair, J. V. Wild says that the Buganda chiefs were given time to think out the terms of the agreement before putting pen to paper. The book has primary sources of information such as letters that were written by Henry Johnston to Her Majesty the Queen, as well as Buganda officials, and quotes from the individuals that had a hand in the signing of the Buganda Agreement. The writer does not embroider any details and this rules out any feelings of bias. (313 words) Analysis There were many effects that emanated from the signing of the 1900 Buganda agreement. One of the noteworthy effects of the Buganda agreement was the doing away with the ultimate functions of the Kabakaship. The kabaka was deprived of his rights to make laws, as well as lost his authority and say over Bugandas land which brought about the individual land ownership system. Busoga, Ankole and Kigezi got to see the existing political organization get shuffled. The existing chiefs were placed under a colonial government representative known as the European District Officer who they were now subject to. The head chiefs, who were not used to being ordered around, were replaced with their minors, the traditional chiefs to who receiving orders were part and parcel of their day-to-day life. By doing so, it would be easy to manipulate the chiefs into British puppets who now had to receive orders from the British and not their fellow Africans. These chiefs were used in a type of leadership known as indirect rule which involved a higher power (in this case the British) instructing local natives (in this case the African chiefs) on how to govern the people. Following the signing of the 1900 Buganda agreement was the reduction of Bugandas boundaries as well as the division of Bugandas land. Ugandas land was divided into mailo land for the Buganda government, and crown land for the British government. The Buganda government land was further divided among individuals such as the royal family members, the lukiiko, the Muhammadan chief and some land was left for the private land owners The signing of the Buganda agreement brought about the establishment of a taxation system based on possession of fire arms (gun tax)as well as areas of residence (hut tax). It is from this taxation system that money to run administrative activities was obtained. A hut tax of 4 rupees per annum was charged on any house, hut, or habitation used as an area of residence while a gun tax of 3 or 4 rupees was charged for any individual who was in possession of a gun, rifle or pistol. Limits were also placed on how many fire arms an individual could possess. For example, the locals were permitted only five guns, while the kabaka was given fifty guns license free. However, the possession of canons and machine guns was prohibited. This was very powerful artillery which would be of great use to the locals if there was an uprising against the British. (417 words) Conclusion The illustration of the area under discussion shows that the signing of the Buganda agreement brought about change in Uganda political and social way of life. The signing of the Buganda agreement undermined the powers of the kabaka as the kabakaship functions were swept away: he lost his say in Bugandas land matters. He could no longer appoint chiefs without the approval from the protectorate government and other concepts upon which the governance of the territory was based were swept away. In areas such as Busoga, Kigezi and Ankole, the existing political structures were shuffled and the traditional chiefs were all placed under the European District Officer. These actions raised a question among todays writers, did the flag follow the cross? However, by the time Uganda was finally granted her independence, most of the terms of the agreement had been swept away and Uganda was no longer subject to the British government. (152 words)

bb king :: essays research papers

B.B. King Back in 1951, a young blues guitarist named Riley King had his first hit song titled "3 O’clock Blues.'' The song was so great, promoters whisked the young man from his Memphis, Tennessee home to the big top of New York City, where he shortened his stage name from Beale Street Blues Boy to "B.B.'' Boogie woogie pianist Robert "H-Bomb'' Ferguson recalls the first time he met B.B. King before the legendary guitarist's first show at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. "When I saw B.B., man, I laughed. This cat came out on stage with a purple suit, red shirt and green tie,'' says Ferguson. King agrees with Ferguson's memory, but notes that the color scheme was different. " It was a red suit with a red tie with red shoes. Red and black sock and black shoes,'' notes King. Over the past forty years, King has established himself as the indisputable king of blues guitarists. His creative style of blending gospel, jazz, and deep Delta blues has influenced two generations of blues and rock guitarists. Unabashedly, King admits that he's an original: "There's a whole lot of things I don't do as well as other people, but I can do and do very well being B.B. King.'' King launched his career as a professional musician on the streets of Memphis during the 1940s. He played gospel and blues on street corners for tips. Standing in-between blues and gospel, King took the path offering the promise of more financial rewards. At 66, King remains indefatigable. He does about 300 concert dates annually. Few artists who have attained the success that King has continue to drive themselves at such a grueling pace. The force pushing King to stay in front of the spotlight is simple. He wanted to be remembered. "If you're out there, people never forget you. That is one of the things I believe in today, never being forgotten. I would like to be remembered as a person that loved people and wanted to be loved by them''. King has wrought a unique style of blues often imitated, but never duplicated. Despite an unorthodox approach to the music, King has helped to shape the blues by bringing it into the mainstream. He hates when people label the blues as sad music. "Blues to me is many things,'' notes the King. "It has to do with people, places and things.

The Writing Process Essay -- Writing Composing Papers Essays School

The Writing Process Writing can be a very difficult process for those who do not know how to go about constructing a work of writing. I have my own ideas on how I think the writing process should be done. Time and good ideas will make for a good paper because when I begin writing a paper or an essay I take a day to think of all the possibilities to write about. If I am lucky if I have the chance to come up with my own ideas rather than have them given to me, but if that is not the case then I follow my simple steps to get through with my work .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To start off, I remember that it may take awhile until I am sure on what I am going to write about for the topic. It is all right to change the subject many times if I absolutely have to. Absolutely do not start out writing the paper with the opening or ending paragraph. It is best to do the end and beginning paragraphs once I have finished completing and editing the entire paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all I sit down where I can really concentrate on my topic, and I make outlines. I start off with numbers and label them what the topic of the paragraph is going to be about. After I finish figuring out what each paragraph will be about, I then go in subdivisions on the details that will be included in each specific paragraph. This will help to avoid getting off of the subject and the paper will be in a good order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After finishing the outline, I go on to start writing down ideas that are at the top of my ...

English As The Official United States Language Essay -- English Langua

America is a country that, from its very founding, has a distinguishing quality that no other country in the world shares. This quality was the willingness to accept people of all different cultures as citizens of the country. This acceptance drew nearly every imaginable kind of person to the country, a country with just one primary language, English. With all this diversity came hundreds of new languages spoken by the immigrants. To this day there are still pockets of isolated ethnic groups that cannot speak English, the most prevalent language used in America. Every citizen of the United States should be able to speak English because it provides a medium by which people of all different cultures can communicate, interact, and thus co-exist peacefully. If English was spoken by all the citizens of this country it would allow differences to be set aside and would give everyone the opportunity to feel like they belong. This is not to say that English should be the only language spoken in the United States. It is very important for people to speak their original language, but communication among all citizens would allow Americans to unite. For many immigrants that now live in America, the most challenging aspect of the move was fitting into the new environment. For immigrants that cannot speak English this transition from old to new is often very difficult because they feel socially isolated. For a Mexican immigrant named Richard Rodriguez, assimilation into the American society was unachievable without learning to speak English. At first, Rodriguez resisted to learn English because it was uncomfortable, unfamiliar, and he felt that he would loose part of his family bond. At the same time, Richard was separated from ... ...ndence, of Washington’s Farewell address, of Lincoln’s Gettysburg speech and second inaugural.† (p.457) These feelings are very drastic and are though of by many people as beliefs that belong to insecure and even racist people. In a country where difference and ethnicity are welcomed there is no way that a belief such as Roosevelt’s could ever be made a rule. A common form of communication such as the English language is a very valuable and often a necessary attribute for a country to have. This is even more magnified in America where there are over 300 different languages spoken. Without a common language that everyone speaks many simple day-to-day situations would become extremely complicated and frustrating. If every citizen of the United States spoke English then everyone could have their own individuality and many conflicts could be avoided.

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 10-11

10 AUGUSTUS BRINE Augustus Brine sat in one of his high-backed leather chairs massaging his temples, trying to formulate a plan of action. Rather than answers, the question, Why me? repeated in his mind like a perplexing mantra. Despite his size, strength, and a lifetime of learning, Augustus Brine felt small, weak, and stupid. Why me? A few minutes before, Gian Hen Gian had rushed into the house babbling in Arabic like a madman. When Brine finally calmed him down, the genie had told him he had found the demon. â€Å"You must find the dark one. He must have the Seal of Solomon. You must find him!† Now the genie was sitting in the chair across from Brine, munching potato chips and watching a videotape of a Marx Brothers movie. The genie insisted that Brine take some sort of action, but he had no suggestions on how to proceed. Brine examined the options and found them wanting. He could call the police, tell them that a genie had told him that an invisible man-eating demon had invaded Pine Cove, and spend the rest of his life under sedation: not good. Or, he could find the dark one, insist that he send the demon back to hell, and be eaten by the demon: not good. Or he could find the dark one, sneak around hoping that he wasn't noticed by an invisible demon that could be anywhere, steal the seal, and send the demon back to hell himself, but probably get eaten in the process: also, not good. Of course he could deny that he believed the story, deny that he had seen Gian Hen Gian drink enough saltwater to kill a battalion, deny the existence of the supernatural altogether, open an impudent little bottle of merlot, and sit by his fireplace drinking wine while a demon from hell ate his neighbors. But he did believ e it, and that option, too, was not good. For now he decided to rub his temples and think, Why me? The genie would be no help at all. Without a master he was as powerless as Brine himself. Without the seal and invocation, he could have no master. Brine had run through the more obvious courses of action with Gian Hen Gian to have each doomed in succession. No, he could not kill the demon: he was immortal. No, he could not kill the dark one: he was under the protection of the demon, and killing him, if it were possible, might release the demon to his own will. To attempt an exorcism would be silly, the genie reasoned; would some mingy prelate be able to override the power of Solomon? Perhaps they could separate the demon from his keeper – somehow force the dark one to send the demon back. Brine started to ask Gian Hen Gian if it was feasible but stopped himself. Tears were coursing down the genie's face. â€Å"What's the matter?† Brine asked. Gian Hen Gian kept his eyes trained on the television screen, where Harpo Marx was pulling a collection of objects from his coat, objects obviously too large to be stored there. â€Å"It has been so long since I have seen one of my own kind. This one who does not speak, I do not recognize him, but he is Djinn. What magic!† Brine considered for a moment the possibility that Harpo Marx might have been one of the Djinn, then berated himself for even thinking about it. Too much had happened today that was outside the frame of his experience and it had opened him up to thinking that anything was possible. If he weren't careful, he would lose his sense of judgment completely. â€Å"You've been here a thousand years and you've never seen a movie before?† Brine asked. â€Å"What is a movie?† Slowly and gently, Augustus Brine explained to the king of the Djinn about the illusion created by motion pictures. When he finished, he felt like he had just raped the tooth fairy in front of a class of kindergartners. â€Å"Then I am alone still?† the genie said. â€Å"Not completely.† â€Å"Yes,† the genie said, eager to leave the moment behind, â€Å"but what are you going to do about Catch, Augustus Brine?† 11 EFFROM Effrom Elliot awoke that morning eagerly anticipating his nap. He'd been dreaming about women, about a time when he had hair and choices. He hadn't slept well. Some barking dogs had awakened him during the night, and he wished he could sleep in, but as soon as the sun broke through his bedroom window, he was wide awake, without a hope of getting back to sleep and recapturing his dream until nap time. It had been that way since he had retired, twenty-five years ago. As soon as his life had eased so that he might sleep in, his body would not let him. He crept from bed and dressed in the half-light of the bedroom, putting on corduroys and a wool flannel shirt the wife had laid out for him. He put on his slippers and tiptoed out of the bedroom, palming the door shut so as not to wake the wife. Then he remembered that the wife was gone to Monterey, or was it Santa Barbara? Anyway, she wasn't home. Still, he continued his morning routine with the usual stealth. In the kitchen he put on the water for his morning cup of decaf. Outside the kitchen window the hummingbirds were already hovering up to the feeder, stopping for drinks of red sugar water on their route through the wife's fuchias and honeysuckle. He thought of the hummingbirds as the wife's pets. They moved too fast for his tastes. He had seen a nature show on television that said that their metabolism was so fast that they might not even be able to see humans. The whole world had gone the way of the hummingbirds as far as Effrom was concerned. Everything and everybody was too fast, and sometimes he felt invisible. He couldn't drive anymore. The last time he had tried, the police had stopped him for obstructing traffic. He had told the cop to stop and smell the flowers. He told the cop that he had been driving since before the cop was a glimmer in his daddy's eye. It had been the wrong approach. The policeman took his license. The wife did all the driving now. Imagine it – when he had taught her to drive, he had to keep grabbing the wheel to keep her from putting the Model T into the ditch. What would the snot-nosed cop say about that? The water was beginning to boil on the stove. Effrom rummaged through the old tin bread box and found the package of chocolate-covered graham crackers the wife had left for him. In the cupboard the jar of Sanka sat next to the real coffee. Why not? The wife was gone, why not live a little? He took the regular coffee from the shelf and set about finding the filters and filter holder. He hadn't the slightest idea where they were kept. The wife took care of that sort of thing. He finally found the filters, the holder, and the serving carafe on the shelf below. He poured some coffee into the filter, eyeballed it, and poured in some more. Then he poured the water over the grounds. The coffee came through strong and black as the kaiser's heart. He poured himself a cup and there was still a little left in the carafe. No sense wasting it. He opened the kitchen window, and after fumbling with the lid for a moment, poured the remaining coffee into the hummingbird feeder. â€Å"Live a little, boys.† He wondered if the coffee might not speed them up to the point where they just burnt up in the atmosphere. He toyed with the idea of watching for a while, then he remembered that his exercise show was about to start. He picked up his graham crackers and coffee and headed for the living room and his big easy chair in front of the RCA. He made sure the sound was turned down, then turned on the old console set. When the picture came on, a young blond woman in iridescent tights was leading three other young women through a series of stretches. Effrom guessed that there was music playing from the way they moved, but he always watched with the sound turned off so as not to wake the wife. Since he had discovered his exercise program, the women in his dreams all wore iridescent tights. The girls were all on their backs now, waving their legs in the air. Effrom munched his graham crackers and watched in fascination. Time was when a man had to spend the better part of a week's pay to see a show like that. Now you could get it on cable for only†¦. Well, the wife took care of the cable bill, but he guessed that it was pretty cheap. Life was grand. Effrom considered going out to his workshop and getting his cigarettes. A smoke would go good right now. After all, the wife was gone. Why should he sneak around in his own house? No, the wife would know. And when she confronted him, she wouldn't yell, she would just look at him. She would get that sad look in her blue eyes and she would say, â€Å"Oh, Effrom.† That's all, â€Å"Oh, Effrom.† And he would feel as if he had betrayed her. Nope, he could wait until his show was over and go smoke in his workshop, where the wife would never dare to set foot. Suddenly the house felt very empty. It was like a great vacant warehouse where the slightest noise rattles in the rafters. A presence was missing. He never saw the wife until she knocked on his workshop door at noon to call him to lunch, but somehow he felt her absence, as if the insulation had been ripped from around him, leaving him raw to the elements. For the first time in a long time Effrom felt afraid. The wife was coming back, but maybe someday she would be gone forever. Someday he would really be alone. He wished for a moment that he would die first, then thinking of the wife alone, knocking on the workshop door from which he would never emerge, made him feel selfish and ashamed. He tried to concentrate on the exercise show but found no solace in spandex tights. He rose and turned off the TV. He went to the kitchen and put his coffee in the sink. Outside the window the hummingbirds went about their business, shimmering in the morning sun. A sense of urgency came over him. It became suddenly very important to get to his workshop and finish his latest carving. Time seemed as fleeting and fragile as the little birds. In his younger days he might have met the feeling with a naive denial of his own mortality. Age had given him a different defense, and his thoughts returned to the image of he and the wife going to bed together and never waking, their lives and memories going out all at once. This too, he knew, was a naive fantasy. When the wife got home he was going to give her hell for going away, he knew that for sure. Before unlocking his workshop he set the alarm on his watch to go off at lunchtime. If he worked through lunch he might miss his nap. There was no sense in wasting the day just because the wife was out of town. When the knock came on his workshop door, Effrom thought at first that the wife had come home early to surprise him with lunch. He ground out his cigarette in an empty toolbox that he kept for that purpose. He blew the last lungful of smoke into the exhaust fan he had installed â€Å"to take out the sawdust.† â€Å"Coming. Just a minute,† he said. He revved up one of his high-speed polishing tools for effect. The knocking continued and Effrom realized that it was not coming from the inside door that the wife usually knocked on, but from the one leading out into the front yard. Probably Jehovah's Witnesses. He climbed down from his stool, checked the pockets of his corduroys for quarters, and found one. If you bought a Watchtower from them, they would go away, but if they caught you without spare change, they would be on you like soul-saving terriers. Effrom threw the door open and the young man outside jumped back. He was dressed in a black sweatshirt and jeans – rather casual, Effrom thought, for someone carrying the formal invitation to the end of the world. â€Å"Are you Effrom Elliot?† he asked. â€Å"I am.† Effrom said. He held out his quarter. â€Å"Thanks for stopping by, but I'm busy, so you can just give me my Watchtower and I'll read it later.† â€Å"Mr. Elliot, I'm not a Jehovah's Witness.† â€Å"Well, I have all the insurance I can afford, but if you leave me your card, I'll give it to the wife.† â€Å"Is your wife still alive, Mr. Elliot?† â€Å"Of course she's alive. What did you think? I was going to tape your business card to her tombstone? Son, you're not cut out to be a salesman. You should get an honest job.† â€Å"I'm not a salesman, Mr. Elliot. I'm an old friend of your wife's. I need to talk to her. It's very important.† â€Å"She ain't home.† â€Å"Your wife's name is Amanda, right?† â€Å"That's right. But don't you try any of your sneaky tricks. You ain't no friend of the wife or I'd know you. And we got a vacuum cleaner that'd suck the hide off a bear, so go away.† Effrom started to close the door. â€Å"No, please, Mr. Elliot. I really need to speak to your wife.† â€Å"She ain't home.† â€Å"When will she be home?† â€Å"She's coming home tomorrow. But I'm warning you, son, she's even tougher than I am on flimflam men. Mean as a snake. You'd be best to just pack up your carpetbag and go look for honest work.† â€Å"You were a World War One veteran, weren't you?† â€Å"I was. What of it?† â€Å"Thank you, Mr. Elliot. I'll be back tomorrow.† â€Å"Don't bother.† â€Å"Thank you, Mr. Elliot.† Effrom slammed the door. His angina wrenched his chest like a scaly talon. He tried to breathe deeply while he fingered a nitroglycerin pill from his shirt pocket. He popped it into his mouth, and it dissolved on his tongue immediately. In a few seconds the pain in his chest subsided. Maybe he would skip lunch today, go right to his nap. Why the wife kept sending in those cards about insurance was beyond him. Didn't she know that â€Å"no salesman will call† was one of the three great lies? He resolved again to give her hell when she got home. When Travis got back into the car, he tried to hide his excitement from the demon. He fought the urge to shout â€Å"Eureka!† to pound on the steering wheel, to sing hallelujah at the top of his lungs. It might finally be coming to an end. He wouldn't let himself think about it. It was only a long shot, but he felt closer than he ever had to being free of the demon. â€Å"So, how's your old friend?† Catch said sarcastically. They had played this scene literally thousands of times. Travis tried to assume the same attitude he always had when faced with those failures. â€Å"He's fine,† Travis said. â€Å"He asked about you.† He started the car and pulled away from the curb slowly. The old Chevy's engine sputtered and tried to die, then caught. â€Å"He did?† â€Å"Yeah, he couldn't understand why your mother didn't eat her young.† â€Å"I didn't have a mother.† â€Å"Do you think she'd claim you?† Catch grinned. â€Å"Your mother wet herself before I finished her.† The anger came sliding back over the years. Travis shut off the engine. â€Å"Get out and push,† he said. Then he waited. Sometimes the demon would do exactly what he said, and other times Catch laughed at him. Travis had never been able to figure out the inconsistency. â€Å"No,† Catch said. â€Å"Do it.† The demon opened the car door. â€Å"Lovely girl you're going out with tonight, Travis.† â€Å"Don't even think about it.† The demon licked his chops. â€Å"Think what?† â€Å"Get out.† Catch got out. Travis left the Chevy in drive. When the car started moving, Travis could hear the demon's clawed feet cutting furrows in the asphalt. Just one more day. Maybe. He tried to think of the girl, Jenny, and it occurred to him that he was the only man he had ever heard of who had waited until he was in his nineties before going on his first date. He didn't have the slightest idea why he had asked her out. Something about her eyes. There was something there that reminded him of happiness, his own happiness. Travis smiled.

Are People Born Evil? Essay

Are people born evil? It do is an interesting question. I don’t think everyone of us is born evil. Great examples were established in Charles Dickens’ renowned book – A Tale of Two Cities. Firstly, I think people are not born good or evil but are born blank as a sheet, a white, clear sheet. However, people are only becoming evil that they are affected by others and making evil choices. Madame Defarge is a nice example in a tale of two cities that is affected to be evil when grown up. I think she was blank as a sheet when she was small, but then she was affected and turned to be cold by the death of her sister and brother. They were dead because of the French aristocracy – Envemode family. After that, she heart turn steel and she chose to the road of hatred and revenge. She wanted to take revenge on the Envemode family and take revolution when she saw how poor peasants in France are. She was not evil at first, she wanted change the life of French peasants, and however, she was evil then that she was too blind about her revenge desire. She wanted to kill the French aristocracy off but not only the Envemode. She had ever said, â€Å"To me, women! What! We can kill as well as the men when the place is taken!† She did not realize the way of forgiving. She was just repeating the tragedies even through French peasants were not the victims. People all killed and wars were everywhere. She has chosen the way of taking revenge that brought her to the road of evil. If she has chosen the road of forgiving and goodness, tragedies probably have not been happened. In the other hand, Sydney Carton is another great example in a tale of two cities that is affected to be good when once he met Lucie. Lucie is his light in his life. Before he met Lucie, he is reckless, he was frustrated and just let people take advantage in him that he thought he has nothing to do so in life. But then when he met Lucie, he became alive, although he was still low self-esteem and frustrated, he said that he told Charles when he was drunk, â€Å"†I am a disappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me.† He was jealous about Charles but he was very different with Madame Defarge, he did not take revenge or choose the way to hatred but he has chosen the road to love, he express in his  sacrifice for Charles that to keep his promises, that he ever told Lucie, â€Å"For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything. I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you. And when you see your own bright beauty springing up anew at your feet, think now and then that there is a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you.† Later on, when Charles has been charged and needed to be sent to the guillotine, he kept his promise, and ran for the road of love more than jealous and taking revenge. He knew the definition of love is to love the person, leave happiness for him, but not having the person. He had choices, he could choose not to keep the promises, then Charles would die and probably Lucie would love him soon. But he did not do that, moreover, he loves Lucie and scarified his life. He was happy at last and he said a word, â€Å"It is far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.†From the above great examples in A Tale of Two Cities, I truly believe that people are not born evil but born blank. To be evil or to be good is the choice we have to face, it will be affected by others and the surroundings such as Madame Defarge was affected by the death of her sister and brother and Sydney was affected by Lucie that he choose to scarify his life to keep Charles besides Lucie. When we knew the meaning of love, the meaning of forgiving, evilness would not come over but we will be good and kind. We born nothing and we choose what we want to be that I believe people are not born evil.

Mission, Vision and Values

Microsoft is an American multinational computer technology company which contributes greatly to the American economy through the revenue contribution. Microsoft is among the largest employer in US. The company is involved in development, manufacture, licensing of wide range of software products. Microsoft dominated the home-computer operating system market in the mid-1980s with Ms-Dos which was user unfriendly. In the recent past, Microsoft has dominated the operating system market with modern variety of software which is user friendly and this has contributed greatly to its growth. Microsoft best selling products include Microsoft Windows operating system and Microsoft Office group of productivity software (Peng and Heide, 1993). Microsoft is presently involved in sale of various products besides operating system and Microsoft Office suites. These products include entertainment in form of computer games, computer hardware products such as Microsoft mouse. Microsoft has been known for customer support through Usenet newsgroup and World Wide Web. Microsoft websites receives the highest number of customers as compared to other websites. This can be attributed to the friendly services offered by the company which is customer oriented. The products available from Microsoft Company can be used for either business of home use (Baillargeon, 1999; Peng and Heide, 1993). Microsoft company strategic plan is to dominate the computer software and hardware market by 2030 through production of efficient user friendly software. The Microsoft which faces a lot of criticism by many companies who claim that the company’s marketing tactics are forcing employees to be overworked while is using the software. Innovations made by the company hinder entry into the industry. Microsoft plan to monopolize the software industry through patent laws and manufacturing software that obey the command of the manufacturer rather than the user. Microsoft (MS) through software industry aim to dominate the international software market. The company aim to make a good name (Drejer, 2002; Weiss and Piderit, 1999). Microsoft company products attract customers internationally. Customers of Microsoft products are of all ages and due to the latest modification, the products can be used in business, home or both. Application software designed by the Microsoft are used for specific purposes and follow certain specifications depending on the type of organization. Microsoft manufactures it own computer games which are mainly used for home entertainment and their sale have greatly contributed to the rise in revenue accrued from sale (Peng and Heide, 1993). Microsoft vision is to have a positive impact on the world and its people. The company is committed in mobilizing resources all over the world to create opportunities where business can thrive and improve welfare through technological innovations provided by the company. Microsoft develops software and other Microsoft products that will stimulate development of computer literate society. Microsoft is committed to production computer professional who will stimulate development in the business industry. Microsoft vision is achieved through manufacture of updated versions of software that are easy to use and hence promote efficiency in any business that utilize products. Microsoft mission is to assist people each their potential. The company pursues its mission through donation of software, hardware funding and training to programs all over the world. Most individuals in various companies have ambition of becoming excellent in their career and this can only be achieved through acquiring complete and updated information in the specific area of specialization. The individual interests in line with career development are enhanced by the Microsoft Company availability of information concerning the use of hardware and software that are manufactured by the company. The company manufactures software which incase of problem in operation one can contact the manufacturer (Mathews, Dennis and Economy, 2003; Drejer, 2002). Microsoft company values are customer oriented and recognize the products customer as an employee. The values which are highly observed include; integrity, passion for technology, accountability, self-criticism and eagerness act on big challenges that are offered by the business environment. The company embraces change that is inevitable in every society through new technological innovations. Microsoft Company desires to dominate the software market through provision of products that will have positive impact on people and the world in general. The company dominion will encourage uniformity in various organizations through use of Microsoft products and this will promote achievement of the desired potential by individuals and companies. Strategic management should address the public criticism concerning the company products to be able to achieve the objectives of the strategic plan. Dominion in the market can only be achieved if the criticisms are addressed. Strategic plan depends on the leadership of the company. The culture of the company has been worldly known for customer support through Usenet and World Wide Web which enhance efficiency in other companies. Success of the strategic plan will have positive impact on most stakeholders especially the beneficiaries who accrue higher dividends from increased profits. However, competitors will incur decreased sales success of the plan will improve efficiency of the leadership in the company (Drejer, 2002; Weiss and Piderit, 1999). References Baillargeon, Emily (1999) â€Å"Seattle Now: a Letter.† New England Review. 20. 2, 111-148. Drejer, Anders (2002) Strategic Management and Core Competencies: Theory and Application. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Matthews, J., Dennis, Jeff and Economy, Peter (2003). Survival Skills for Starting and Growing a Company. New York: Oxford University Press. Peng, Chan, S. and Heide, Dorothy (1993) â€Å"Strategic Alliances in Technology: Key Competitive Weapon.† SAM Advanced Management Journal. 58, 11-56. Weiss, J. A .and Piderit, S. K. (1999) â€Å"The value of mission statement in public agencies.† Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9, 121-145.      

Why speeches are bad

It's that time of the year again. It's that time of the year where we have to write a speech, plain old useless speech which we are never going to use again. HI my names and I'm going to talk to you about public speaking and how painful and pointless it is. The time it takes to write a speech is frustrating and annoying, you spend days writing your speech or if your one of those kids who can't be bothered writing a speech, because of how frustrating It Is.You spend one of your busy nights trying to find a decent speech to copy off the Internet, don't worry Mr./Mrs. – lilt copy this speech off the Internet, I can't say the same for the rest of the class though. Then there's the speaking side of your public speech, the part where you spend the night before printing cue cards, rehearsing It around the house, you then get to your big day you feel prepared you've rehearsed you have even brought your cue cards to school. Then there's your big moment and you forget everything you hav e rehearsed, you Just had last year's public speaking champion speak before you.The butterflies in your stomach are going mad. You start reading your speech, you start stuttering so much that you keep your head down and start reading off your cue cards which are really just your speech cut up into several pieces. You finish your speech and wait for your feedback and all you get is C. Teachers will argue with you that public speaking isn't pointless that it will help you in the future, that maybe so but is it worth spending 4 weeks of school. Two of which are school holidays. Is it worth it? My name is -? and this is why I think public speaking is pointless and painful.

Adaptations for High Altitude Birds

Adaptations for High Altitude Birds Birds have developed the ability to maintain flight at various altitudes. The focus of this essay was placed specifically on flight at high altitudes. The characteristics of birds which maintain flight at high altitudes were found to be enhanced gaseous exchange efficiency, higher O2 affinity haemoglobin, and increase O2 diffusion to muscle fibers as a result of an increase in capillary-fiber ratio in a high-altitude hypoxic environment. It has also been seen that birds found at high altitudes have larger wingspans thereby reducing the energetic costs of flight in low-density air. Key words: Altitude, hemoglobin, hypoxic, wingspan Introduction Though not all birds are capable of flight, most birds are commonly recognized by flight. Birds are found all over the surface of the Earth (Bicudo et al, 2010) in a variety of environments which they are adapted to. Here we will explore the physiology of high altitude bird flight. The main focus will be placed on migrating birds due to the l arge amount of research performed on the species and migrating birds are found at a huge range of altitudes. As stated by Bicudo et al (2010), â€Å"High altitude experienced by birds that reside or breed in high mountains or by migrating birds that must cross such ranges† are considered to be high elevation specialist’s. Factors associated with high altitude causes this environment to be especially challenging for avian flight, these factors includes â€Å"high ambient wind speeds, low air temperatures, low oxygen availability and low air density† (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). These factors may be detrimental in a birds’ flight performance specifically on bird biomechanics (lift and drag) of avian flight (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). A consequence of the factors may result in energetics cost being higher in the severely hypoxic and cold environment (Butler and Bishop, 2000). The objective of this essay is to discuss the many features of birds which appea r to be important for high altitude flight (Scott, 2011). Environmental factors at high altitude As stated by Altshuler and Dudley (2006), a gradient in altitude indicates a change in numerous environmental parameters. As altitudes increase, temperature and humidity decrease, however, day length or solar angle of incidence remains the same (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). An altitude increase, there is a systematic decrease O2 partial pressure (Bicudo et al., 2010). This is one of the most importance changes taking place with regards to respiratory and metabolism due to the reduced availability of oxygen. As partial pressure reduces, there is an inversely increase in the gaseous diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, wind speed increases with altitude, studies propose that birds can minimize their energy costs of flights through the use of wind assistance (Bicudo et al., 2010). As altitude increases, there is also a noticeable decrease with in water content. This decrease in water content in cool air at high elevations may result in desiccation (Bicudo et al., 2010). Thus high oxygen demands for flight are at odds with a decreased O2 availability, air density and lift (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). Physiology of flight at high altitude Muscles Flight requires a high endurance capacity, for this reason, it relies on oxidative metabolism for energy (Bicudo et al. 2010). The pectoralis muscles of a bird is considered the â€Å"flight motor† of a bird and constitute up to 35% of the total body mass (Bicudo et al. 2010). Long distance migrants â€Å"flight motor† muscles possess rapidly oxidative glycolytic muscle fibers and short distance migrants â€Å"flight motor† muscles possess muscle fibers with a much lower oxidative capacity as well as fast-acting glycolytic fibers (Bicudo et al. 2010). It should be noted that muscle capillary-per-fiber number is higher in highly aerobic pectoral muscles and less aerobic leg muscles for high altitude birds (B icudo et al. 2010).

The Price Of Conservation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Price Of Conservation - Essay Example The villagers’ reaction to Golap brings home to me the second big reason rhinos are still wandering around Kaziranga. Rhinos remain (as do elephants, buffaloes, and tigers) because many Indians want them. You do not have to stay long in Assam to realize that local people are tremendously proud of Kaziranga and its rhinos in particular. The Assamese are paying a heavy price for their rhinos and other wild animals. The positive attitude towards wildlife is influenced by the belief that human beings should care for all animals as taught in Buddhism and Hinduism. Recently, the Forest Department and other stakeholders have also started initiatives aimed at making the community work together in protecting the park. The author acknowledges the sentiments of Mr. Boro, who believes working with the community is a major boost to the fight against poachers. It will also provide a way for the conservationists to solve the foundational problems that push people to poach. In conclusion, Ada ms and Carwardine are keen on explaining the importance of innovative conservation efforts as the world changes. Areas like Assam are likely to change as development and western views dominate most parts of India. The people’s views about wildlife are also changing. The lack of innovative conservation efforts means the future of Kaziranga is not safe. The national park does not earn enough revenue for everyone. Creativity is paramount to continue protecting the rhinos of Kaziranga and other wild animals in different parts of the globe

Natural Disaster and Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Natural Disaster and Economic Growth - Essay Example This essay provides an comprehensive analysis of the economic impact of earthquakes on the performance of the country`s economy, both in the long and in the short run. Natural disasters are detrimental to the economic growth of the countries that face the disaster. The extent and severity of the effect of natural disasters vary across countries, but, the basic impact is not heterogeneous. The great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake hit Japan and it had brought tremendous damage to the country in terms of economic growth of the economy and the social structure. The city of Kobe was the worst sufferer in this disaster. Japan was already a developed nation when the disaster had stricken the country. Research by scholars acknowledges that the disaster had caused â€Å"devastating damage to the economic landscape of southern-central Japan† But, at the same time the results of investigation show that the earthquake made people realize the fact that capital formation is an important element of economic growth in the country. In the long run, level of well being of the survivors of the disaster depends on the rate at which capital is accumulated in the economy. Research results show that the impact of the disaster fades with time and the rate of development of the economy plays a major role in the standard of living of its people Although natural disasters are occurring with increasing frequency and are creating potentially devastating impact on the economies that face it, the economic cause of the disaster has not yet been accurately deciphered. ... Victims show the tendency to adapt with the new circumstances with the passage of time. A subsequent research shows the result of investigation into â€Å"the extent to which the earthquake enhanced the investment in social capital through participation in community activity† (Yamamura, 2013, p. 1). After facing the huge loss to life and property as a result of the earthquake, the people of Japan expressed greater consciousness regarding the importance of social capital. Comparing the data collected between the years 1991 and 1996, it has been found that people were more inclined to make investment in social capital in 1996 than they were in 1991 (Skidmore and Toya, 2002). This significantly increased the rate of investment in social capital by the residents of Kobe. However, rate of investment by the people living in the cities near Kobe did not show any noteworthy change. From this phenomenon the author has inferred that the impact of the disaster decreases with distance; th e effect of the disaster is lesser in the minds of the people that stay far away from the origin of disaster (Yamamura, 2010). Although natural disasters are occurring with increasing frequency and are creating potentially devastating impact on the economies that face it, the economic cause of the disaster has not yet been accurately deciphered. There have been several studies on the medium and long term impact of the disasters on the prospects of development of the countries. According to the works by Cavallo, Powell and Becerra (2010) long term effects of natural disasters from the economic point of view are not understood well. In general, literature existing in this sphere of research shows lack of theory and empirical evaluation of the mechanisms that